Mohit P. Tahiliani

Refined Adaptive RED (Re-ARED or RARED) patch for NS-2

2012-01-16T12:01:00.002+05:30

Adaptive Random Early Detection (ARED) proposed by S. Floyd in 2001 solves most of the issues related to the parameter sensitivity of RED. ARED adaptively varies "Maximum drop probability" and automatically sets other parameters of RED.

Refined Adaptive RED (Re-ARED or RARED) proposed by T.-H. Kim and K.-H. Lee modifies the ARED's approach of varying "Maximum drop probability". Re-ARED attempts to bring the average queue size closer to the target range more quickly as compared to ARED. As a result, it minimizes packet drop rate and improves the overall performance of the network.

Reference: "Refined Adaptive RED in TCP/IP Networks", Tae-Hoon Kim and Kee-Hyun Lee, SICE-ICASE International Joint Conference, pp. 3722-3725 (2006).

The following patch provides implementation of Re-ARED (or RARED) in NS-2:

Download Re-ARED patch for NS-2

Following are the steps to be followed to apply above given patch to ns-2.34:

1. Download ns-allinone-2.34.tar.gz

2. Download Re-ARED.patch

3. Unzip ns-allinone-2.34.tar.gz. You will get a folder named ns-allinone-2.34.

4. Paste the downloaded patch in this folder.

5. Give the following command:

patch -p1 < Re-ARED.patch

6. Then give ./install

If you have already installed copy of ns-allinone-2.34 then follow the below given steps to apply Re-ARED patch

1. Paste the downloaded patch in ns-allinone-2.34 folder.

2. Give the following command:

patch -p1 < Re-ARED.patch

3. Go in ns-allinone-2.34/ns-2.34 directory and give the following commands:

./configure

make clean

make

make install

You are done with it!

TCL Commands:

Please read this post before getting started with Re-ARED simulation in NS-2 "Random Early Detection (RED) in NS-2 - TCL - Part 1"

To simulate Re-ARED, you need to ensure that following two lines are added in the TCL Script:

Queue/RED set adaptive_ 1
Queue/RED set refined_adaptive_ 1

Rest all commands remain same as explained in "Random Early Detection (RED) in NS-2 - TCL - Part 1".

Hope it helps.

Regards,

Mohit P. Tahiliani

Nonlinear RED (NLRED) patch for NS-2

2012-01-12T16:02:00.009+05:30

Random Early Detection (RED) proposed by S. Floyd and V.Jacobson in 1993 is one of the widely deployed Active Queue Management (AQM)mechanisms. However, due to its parameter sensitivity, lot of variants of RED have been proposed. Nonlinear RED (NLRED) is one such variant of RED.

Reference: "Nonlinear RED: A simple yet efficient active queue management scheme", Kaiyu Zhou, Kwan L. Yeung, Victor O. K. Li, Elsevier Journal of Computer Networks, 50, pp. 3784-3794 (2006).

The packet drop probability in RED is a linear function of the "average queue size". NLRED modifies the packet drop probability to be a quadratic function (and hence nonlinear function) of the "average queue size" so as to minimize the overall packet drop rate in the network. NLRED is not implemented in the allinone package of NS-2. The following patch provides the implementation of NLRED in NS-2.

Download NLRED patch for NS-2

Following are the steps to be followed to apply above given patch to ns-2.34:

1. Download ns-allinone-2.34.tar.gz

2. Download NLRED.patch

3. Unzip ns-allinone-2.34.tar.gz. You will get a folder named ns-allinone-2.34.

4. Paste the downloaded patch in this folder.

5. Give the following command:

    patch -p1 < NLRED.patch

6. Then give ./install

If you have already installed copy of ns-allinone-2.34 then follow the below given steps to apply NLRED patch

1. Paste the downloaded patch in ns-allinone-2.34 folder.

2. Give the following command:

    patch -p1 < NLRED.patch

3. Go in ns-allinone-2.34/ns-2.34 directory and give the following commands:

    ./configure
    make clean
    make
    make install

You are done with it!

TCL Commands:

Please read this post before getting started with NLRED simulation in NS-2 "Random Early Detection (RED) in NS-2 - TCL - Part 1"

To simulate NLRED, you just need to include the following command in TCL Script:

Queue/RED set nonlinear_ 1

Rest all commands remain same as explained in "Random Early Detection (RED) in NS-2 - TCL - Part 1".

Hope it helps.

Regards,
Mohit P. Tahiliani

Random Early Detection (RED) in NS-2 - TCL - Part 1

2011-08-26T13:36:00.002+05:30

Random Early Detection (RED) proposed by S. Floyd and V.Jacobson in 1993 is one of the widely deployed Active Queue Management (AQM)mechanisms. The performance of RED highly depends on the appropriate setting ofatleast four parameters namely:

1. Minimum threshold

2. Maximum threshold

3. Exponential weighted moving average constant

4. Maximum drop probability

Setting appropriate values for these parameters isconsidered as a challenging issue and hence in 1999 S. Floyd proposed Gentle variant of RED. Later in 2001, S. Floyd proposed Adaptive RED which automatically sets all theseparameters based on the network conditions.

In NS-2, thedefault RED which is active is Gentle RED + Adaptive RED. To simulate the Original RED proposed in 1993 by S. Floyd (becausestill there are several researchers who aim to address the parametersensitivity of Original RED), following commands must be used in the TCLScript before configuring a router with RED queue:

Queue/RED set thresh_ 5

Queue/RED set maxthresh_ 15

Queue/RED set q_weight_ 0.001

Queue/RED set cur_max_p_ 0.5

Queue/RED set bytes_ false

Queue/RED set queue_in_bytes_ false

Queue/RED set gentle_ false

Queue/RED set mean_pktsize_ 1000

Note that the values used in the above commands are taken from the Original paper of RED (See References). You need to change them as per your requirements!

thresh_ = minimum threshold

maxthresh_ = maximum threshold

q_weight_ = exponential weighted moving average constant

cur_max_p_ = maximum drop probability

bytes_ and queue_in_bytes_ = indicate calculations of average queue size in bytes. Setting them to false indicates average queue size will be calculated in packets (not in bytes).

gentle_ = Gentle RED mode. Setting it false indicates Gentle mode is OFF

mean_pktsize_ = average size of a packet arriving at the router

Setting RED in Wired Networks:

Sample command is:

$ns duplex-link $n0 $n2 10Mb 10ms RED

Setting RED in Wireless Networks:

Sample command is:

set val(ifq) Queue/RED

Gentle RED Settings in NS-2:

To enable Gentle RED option, the only change required is:

Queue/RED set gentle_ true

Rest all commands and syntax for Gentle RED are exactly same as mentioned above for Original RED.

Hope it helps.

Regards,

Mohit P. Tahiliani

References: S. Floyd and V. Jacobson, "Random Early Detection Gateways for Congestion Avoidance", IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 1, 397-413.

AWK Scripts for Normalized Routing Load/Overhead

2011-08-06T15:51:00.002+05:30

Normalized Routing Load (or Normalized Routing Overhead) is defined as the total number of routing packet transmitted per data packet.

It is calculated by dividing the total number of routing packets sent (includes forwarded routing packets as well) by the total number of data packets received.

AWK Script to calculate Normalized Routing Load for Old trace format can be downloaded from the link given below:

AWK Script for Normalized Routing Load - Old Trace Format:

nrl_ot.awk

AWK Script to calculate Normalized Routing Load for New trace format can be downloaded from the link given below:

AWK Script for Normalized Routing Load - New Trace Format:

nrl_nt.awk

If there are any problems encountered in downloading above files, please visit the link given below:

http://www.mediafire.com/?z1c2cxdt1a31d

These scripts work for AODV, DSDV, DSR and OLSR. To use these scripts for other routing protocols, just add the name of that routing protocol in appropriate loop within this script.

Note: Please report any bugs if encountered.

Hope it helps.

Regards,
Mohit P. Tahiliani

Modified AOMDV with Multiple Interface Support in NS-2

2011-07-05T20:29:00.004+05:30

This patch is designed for ns-allinone-2.33.

Contributed by: Chirag Raval

Download NS-2.33-AOMDV-Multiple-Interface.patch

Following are the steps to be followed to apply above given patch to ns-2.33:

1. Download ns-allinone-2.33.tar.gz

2. Download NS-2.33-AOMDV-Multiple-Interface.patch

3. Unzip ns-allinone-2.33.tar.gz. You will get a folder named ns-allinone-2.33.

4. Paste the downloaded patch in this folder.

5. Give the following command:

patch -p1 < NS-2.33-AOMDV-Multiple-Interface.patch

6. Then give ./install

If you have already installed copy of ns-allinone-2.33 then follow the below given steps to apply multi-interface patch.

1. Paste the downloaded patch in ns-allinone-2.33 folder.

2. Give the following command:

patch -p1 < NS-2.33-AOMDV-Multiple-Interface.patch

3. Go in ns-allinone-2.33/ns-2.33 directory.

4. Give the following commands:

./configure

make clean

make

make install

You are done with it!

Example TCL scripts to verify the working of this patch are similar to that of TCL Scripts provided for Multi Interface DSDV patch. You need to replace DSDV by AOMDV in TCL Scripts. Scripts can be downloaded from the following link:

Download Multi-Interface TCL Scripts - DSDV.zip

Kindly Note: The tcl scripts having "mesh" word in their name are the scripts designed with multiple interfaces. Others are designed with single interfaces. To verify the working of multiple interfaces, two awk scripts are also provided in the folder.

A tcl script named im3pmanual.tcl is a tcl script wherein nodes have different number of interfaces assigned to them whereas, other tcl scripts designed with multiple interface are designed such that all the nodes in the network have equal number of interfaces.

If you encounter any problem in downloading the patch from the link given above, please follow this link:

http://www.mediafire.com/?mbf2saf74asxfv8

If you encounter any problem in downloading example tcl scripts, please follow this link:

http://www.mediafire.com/?4dchcj5w6bagx42

Hope it helps.

Regards,

Mohit P. Tahiliani

Xgraph and AWK Scripts in NS-2

2010-08-06T11:21:00.005+05:30

AWK scripts (.awk), which are used to extractthe necessary information from trace files (.tr) are also useful to plot graphsusing Xgraph (.xgr) utility of NS-2. However, the AWK scripts that are used toplot graphs differ from the AWK scripts that just print the values on theterminal.

I will try to explain thedifference between these two types of AWK scripts with the help of an example. Assumethat we have designed a tcl script named “energy.tcl” which simulates a networkfor 100 seconds. We run this tcl script with the following command:

ns energy.tcl

After executing the tcl script we get a tracefile (.tr) and a NAM file (.nam) i.e. “energy.tr” and “energy.nam”. Now we may have two scenarios as explained below:

1. We want the value of residual(remaining) energy of a node at the endof the simulation. (Here graph of Time v/s Residual energy is not required).

2. We want the value of residual (remaining) energy ofa node at each instance of time i.efrom beginning of the simulation to the end of the simulation. (Time v/sResidual energy graph is required to observe the decrease in the total energyof a node).

For both of the above mentionedscenarios we need to design two different AWK scripts. However, the main logicto calculate the residual energy will remain the same. Only the way we printthe values differs.

Let scen1.awk be the awk file for first scenario and scen2.awk be the awk file for secondscenario. scen1.awk should be designed such that when we run it by using thefollowing command:

awk -f scen1.awk energy.tr

it should print the residual(remaining) energy of a node on the terminal.

And scen2.awk should be designedsuch that when we run it by using the following command:

awk -f scen2.awk energy.tr > energy.xgr

it should print two values in “energy.xgr”: timeand residual (remaining) energy of a node.

If you open “energy.xgr” you willnotice that there are two columns created. In first column, values related to “time”are printed and in another column values related to “residual energy” areprinted. The values in first column form X-axis of the graph and the values insecond column form Y-axis of the graph (thus you get a graph of Time v/sResidual Energy). Give the following command to seethe graph:

xgraph energy.xgr

Default background color of thegraph is grey. If you want a graph with background color as white, give thefollowing command:

xgraph energy.xgr -bg white

Other options (like changingbackground colors, plotting bar graphs, etc) related to Xgraph are available inthe pdf file given below:

Xgraph Utility of NS-2

Hope it helps.

Regards,

Mohit P. Tahiliani

Modified DSDV for Multiple Interface Support in NS-2

2010-06-16T14:11:00.001+05:30

The document named "Adding multiple interface support in NS-2" prepared by Ramon Aguero Calvo and Jesus Perez Campo, University of Cantabria helps to incorporate multiple channel support to the core of the ns-2 simulator.

There are few modifications required in the routing protocols such as DSDV, AODV and DSR to use multiple interface support in ns-2. Ramon Aguero Calvo and Jesus Perez Campo have modified the AODV protocol for which code is available in the document they have provided. A patch (that contains modifications in ns-2 to support multiple interfaces and modifications in AODV code) based on that document is available on this link "Revised: Adding Multiple Interface Support in NS-2" .

Based on the guidelines provided in Chapter 5 of the document we have successfully made modifications in DSDV routing protocol. The patch for the same is available on the link given below:

Download NS-2.33-DSDV-Multiple-Interface.patch

Following are the steps to be followed to apply above given patch to ns-2.33:

1. Download ns-allinone-2.33.tar.gz

2. Download NS-2.33-DSDV-Multiple-Interface.patch

3. Unzip ns-allinone-2.33.tar.gz. You will get a folder named ns-allinone-2.33.

4. Paste the downloaded patch in this folder.

5. Give the following command:

patch -p1 < NS-2.33-DSDV-Multiple-Interface.patch

6. Then give ./install

If you have already installed copy of ns-allinone-2.33 then follow the below given steps to apply multi-interface patch.

1. Paste the downloaded patch in ns-allinone-2.33 folder.

2. Give the following command:

patch -p1 < NS-2.33-DSDV-Multiple-Interface.patch

3. Go in ns-allinone-2.33/ns-2.33 directory.

4. Give the following commands:

./configure

make clean

make

make install

You are done with it!

Example TCL scripts to verify the working of the patch can be found on the link given below:

Download Multi-Interface TCL Scripts - DSDV.zip

A tcl script named im3pmanual.tcl is a tcl script wherein nodes have different number of interfaces assigned to them whereas in other tcl scripts designed with multiple interface are designed such that all the nodes in the network have equal number of interfaces.

If you encounter any problem in downloading the patch from the link given above, please follow this link:

http://www.mediafire.com/?y5tjaz5x6me2bh3

If you encounter any problem in downloading example tcl scripts, please follow this link:

http://www.mediafire.com/?4dchcj5w6bagx42

Hope it helps.

Regards,

Mohit P. Tahiliani

Acknowledgements: I would like to Thank Chirag J. Raval and Vaidehi S. Panwala for extending their support in modifying the code of DSDV. They went in complete details of DSDV source code in NS-2 and have a major role in the implementation of this patch.

Very Important!!! Please Note:
(1) The DSDV modifications are still under review and the patch has been verified with only few TCL scripts. Please report any bugs if encountered.
(2) This patch does not contain modifications to AODV routing protocol. However it includes Multiple Interface Support in NS-2 (i.e we have excluded the AODV Modifications from the code of Ramon Sir's document and included DSDV Modifications).
(3) A combined patch that includes Multiple Interface Support + AODV Modifications + DSDV Modifications will be uploaded soon with sample TCL Scripts. Thank you for co-operation.

NS-2.35 on Ubuntu 9.04

2010-05-14T10:40:00.001+05:30

Hello,

I tried compiling ns-allinone-2.35-RC4 on Ubuntu 9.04 and it works! No patches were required.

The installation procedure is the same.

1. Download ns-allinone-2.35-RC4.

2. Untar the downloaded folder.

3. Go in ns-allinone-2.35-RC4 directory.

4. Give the following command: ./install

5. After the installation is successfully completed, set the paths properly which will be provided at the end of the installation procedure.

6. Go in ns-2.35 directory.

7. Start validation by giving following command: ./validate

Once the validation is over you are done with installation procedure!

Hope it helps.

Regards,
Mohit P. Tahiliani

DCCP patches for NS-2

2010-05-11T12:50:00.002+05:30

Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) is a message oriented transport layer protocol. It implements reliable connection setup, teardown, flow-based semantics, congestion control as in TCP but does not provide reliable in-order delivery of packets. It is because this protocol is used for applications that have strict timing constraints on the delivery of data.

-- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Various patches for DCCP have been designed for NS-2 depending on various versions of NS-2. You can download the patches from the links given below:

DCCP Patch for ns-2.26: Patch given for ns-2.31 includes the patch for ns-2.26 as well.

DCCP Patch for ns-2.28: http://eugen.dedu.free.fr/ns2/dccp-ns2.28.patch

DCCP Patch for ns-2.29: http://eugen.dedu.free.fr/ns2/dccp-ns2.29.patch

DCCP Patch for ns-2.31: http://eugen.dedu.free.fr/ns2/dccp-ns2.31.patch

DCCP Patch for ns-2.33: http://www.nicta.com.au/people/mehanio/nsmisc/ns-233-dccp-1.patch

DCCP Patch for ns-2.34: http://eugen.dedu.free.fr/ns2/dccp-ns2.34.patch or http://sourceforge.net/projects/dccp-ns/files/

DCCP Patch for ns-2.35: http://sourceforge.net/projects/dccp-ns/files/

DCCP Patch compatible with MobiWAN: http://www.nicta.com.au/__data/assets/file/0003/16869/ns-233-dccp_mobiwan-1.patch

Thanks to Eugen Dedu, Sidney Doria and NICTA for designing and making these patches available for ns-2 community.

The official links where these patches and more details about the same can be obtained are as given below:

1) http://eugen.dedu.free.fr/ns2/

2) http://sourceforge.net/projects/dccp-ns/files/

3) http://www.nicta.com.au/people/mehanio/nsmisc

Hope it helps.

Regards,
Mohit P. Tahiliani

NS-2.35 Released!

2010-05-07T11:01:00.000+05:30

The latest version of ns-2: ns-2.35 has been released.

Download ns-allinone-2.35

The official website can be found on this link: http://nsnam.isi.edu/nsnam/index.php/Roadmap#Release_schedule

The download link given above is of ns-allinone-2.35-RC4 package. The platform support is yet to be tested.

But ns-allinone-2.35-RC2 has been tested on Ubuntu Karmic, Ubuntu 8.04, Fedora 12, etc.

For more information please visit the official website here.

Hope it helps.

Regards,

Mohit P. Tahiliani

Mobility Models for NS-2

2010-04-24T16:18:00.005+05:30

Bonnmotion:
Mobility scenario generation & analysis tool

Bonnmotion is a Java Software developed by the Communication Systems Group at the Institute of Computer Science 4 of the University of Bonn, Germany. This tool creates and analyses mobility scenarios.

The scenarios generated by Bonnmotion can also be exported for network simulator - 2 (ns-2), glomosim/qualnet, cooja and mixim.

Following mobility models are supported by Bonnmotion:

1. Random-Waypoint Model

2. Gauss-Markov Model

3. Manhattan Grid Model

4. Reference Point Group Mobility Model

5. Disaster Area Model

Download latest verison - Bonnmotion v1.4

For more information on Bonnmotion such as documentation, FAQs, Feedback and updates, please visit the official webpage of Bonnmotion on the link given below:
http://net.cs.uni-bonn.de/wg/cs/applications/bonnmotion/

Kindly Note: The material provided above is taken from the same official webpage of Bonnmotion.

Hope it helps.

Regards,
Mohit P. Tahiliani

Application Layer Simulations on NS-2

2010-04-16T16:21:00.000+05:30

A framework named "ns2-app" is developed and maintained by Xizhi Zhu to simplify the application layer simulations on NS-2.

This framework has been tested on ns-2.33.

The source code can be downloaded from the following link:

Download ns2-app-0.02.tar.bz2

After downloading, untar the downloaded folder in ~/ns-2.33 directory and recompile NS-2.

For more details on installation and the possible errors, please visit the official website of ns2-app here.

Hope it helps.

Regards,
Mohit P. Tahiliani

Installing ns-2.1b9a on Fedora 8 / Ubuntu 9.04

2010-04-13T14:48:00.004+05:30

Kindly Note: Before you start installing ns-2.1b9a on Fedora 8/Ubuntu 9.04 please make sure you have installed gcc-3.3 and g++-3.3.

The patch required to install ns-2.1b9a on Fedora 8/Ubuntu 9.04 is designed and is available on the following link:

ns21b9a.patch

Following are the steps to install ns-2.1b9a on Fedora 8/Ubuntu 9.04:

1. Download ns-allinone-2.1b9a-gcc32.tar.gz

2. Download above given ns21b9a.patch

3. Untar ns-allinone-2.1b9a-gcc32.tar.gz. You will get a folder named ns-allinone-2.1b9a

4. Paste ns21b9a.patch in this folder and give the following command via terminal

patch -p1 < ns21b9a.patch

5. Then give the following command

./install

You are done with it!

If you encounter any problem in downloading the patch, please follow this link:

http://www.mediafire.com/?4yy7dlrgub7cj6b

Hope it helps.

Regards,
Mohit P. Tahiliani

Revised: Adding Multiple Interface Support in NS-2

2010-04-12T11:13:00.003+05:30

After designing the patch provided in my previous blog "Adding Multiple Interface Support in NS-2", I tried to design an example tcl script (with reference to Chapter 6 in the document prepared by Ramon Aguero Calvo and Jesus Perez Campo) to verify the working of the patch.

I found few errors and later found there was a problem with mac-802_11.cc file. I have corrected the error and the modified patch can be found on the link given below:

multi-interface(ns...

Following are the steps to be followed to apply above given patch to ns-2.33:

1. Download ns-allinone-2.33.tar.gz

2. Download multi-interface.patch

3. Unzip ns-allinone-2.33.tar.gz. You will get a folder named ns-allinone-2.33.

4. Paste the downloaded multi-interface.patch in this folder.

5. Give the following command:

patch -p1 < multi-interface(ns-2.33).patch

6. Then give ./install

If you have already installed copy of ns-allinone-2.33 then follow the below given steps to apply multi-interface patch.

1. Paste the downloaded multi-interface.patch in ns-allinone-2.33 folder.

2. Give the following command:

patch -p1 < multi-interface(ns-2.33).patch

3. Go in ns-allinone-2.33/ns-2.33 directory.

4. Give the following commands:

./configure

make clean

make

make install

You are done with it!

Example TCL scripts to verify the working of the patch can be found on the link given below:

Multi-Interface TC...

If you encounter any problem in downloading the patch from the link given above, please follow this link:

http://www.mediafire.com/?au0dce1r3ct0x7t

If you encounter any problem in downloading example tcl scripts, please follow this link:

http://www.mediafire.com/?avpbigc1ynyjj7d

Hope it helps.

Regards,

Mohit P. Tahiliani

Related Blogs:

Modified DSDV for Multiple Interface Support in NS-2

Adding Multiple Interface Support in NS-2

2010-03-15T16:51:00.009+05:30

After following the instructions provided in the document I was able to implement multi-channel multi-interface support in ns-2.33.

Hence I have designed a patch depending on the above mentioned document that incorporates multi-channel multi-interface support in ns-2.33.

multichannel.patch

If you encounter any problem with above link please follow the link given below:

http://www.mediafire.com/?au0dce1r3ct0x7t

Sample tcl scripts for the same will be uploaded soon.

Hope it helps.

Regards,
Mohit P. Tahiliani

Related Blogs:

Revised: Adding Multiple Interface Support in NS-2

Modified DSDV for Multiple Interface Support in NS-2

Useful References for Ant Colony Optimization in NS-2

2010-03-06T12:47:00.001+05:30

Some of the useful references related to Ant Colony Optimization in NS-2 for Wired networks, Mobile Ad hoc Networks and Wireless sensor networks are given below:

http://www.idsia.ch/~gianni/antnet.html

http://antnet.wordpress.com/

http://www.springerlink.com/content/n6511860l57852n8/

http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/bxn007v2

http://www.actapress.com/PaperInfo.aspx?PaperID=30354&reason=500

http://uespro.blogfa.com/post-2.aspx

http://www.slideshare.net/guest4c60e4/ant-colony-algorithm

http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/klu/tels/2001/00000018/F0030001/00352998

http://www.faqs.org/patents/app/20090052321

http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0VVT/is_2_2/ai_n24986963/

http://trg.fke.utm.my/members/kashif/ijcnis09.pdf

http://www2.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi/10.1109/SecTech.2008.49

http://www.q2s.ntnu.no/~wittner/ns/ (Mobile ANT Agents)

http://www.matlab.nitech.ac.jp/~khpoo/research/ant.htm

http://openpdf.com/ebook/anthocnet-coding-ns2-pdf-2.html

http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/~mdorigo/ACO/about.html (Nice Website, quite informative!!!)

http://geneura.wordpress.com/category/algorithms/ant-colony-optimization-algorithms/

http://eden.dei.uc.pt/~tandre/antsense/ (Antsense: ACO in Wireless Sensor Networks)

Hope it helps.

Regards

AWK Script for NS2 supporting New Trace Format

2010-03-04T18:19:00.003+05:30

There are mainly two types of trace formats supported by NS-2 for Wireless Simulations.

1. Old Trace Format and
2. New Trace Format.

Following file is an AWK Script for throughput which supports "New Trace Format".

throughput_newtrac...

AWK scripts for average end-to-end delay, packet delivery fraction, etc that support New Trace Format will be uploaded soon.

AWK Scripts that support Old Trace Format can be found on following links:

AWK Script for NS2

Few more AWK Scripts for NS2

Regards

Few more AWK Scripts for NS2

2010-02-22T13:51:00.018+05:30

In my previous blog AWK Script for NS2, the AWK Script for average end-to-end delay is not available. Also the AWK Script given for throughput is not generic and may not work for old wireless formats sometimes.

The following AWK Script is the generic AWK Script for throughput which can be used on old wireless trace format.

AWK Script for throughput:

genthroughput.awk

The following AWK Script measures average end-to-end delay. It can be used with old wireless trace format.

AWK Script for delay:

e2edelay.awk

If there are any problems encountered in downloading the above files, please visit the following link
http://www.mediafire.com/?z1c2cxdt1a31d

Regards

Installing ns2.26 with nrlsensorsim on Fedora 8

2010-02-05T14:42:00.009+05:30

ns2 sensor networks

NRLSensorSim is a patch developed and maintained by U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. This patch enables sensor network simulations on ns2.

Due to new versions of gcc, ns2.26 with nrlsensorsim patch cannot be installed directly on fedora 8.

Minor modifications in the code of ns2.26 and nrlsensorsim are required.

Hence I have designed two patches that incorporate all the modifications required in ns2.26 and nrlsensorsim code to be installed on fedora 8 (or other linux distributions having similar gcc version).

Following are the steps to install ns2.26 with nrlsensorsim on fedora 8 (or other linux distributions having similar gcc version):

1) Download ns-allinone-2.26.tar.gz

2) Download nrlsensorsim-2.26.tgz.gz

3) Download ns226.patch (after downloading the file change its name to ns226.patch in case if the file gets downloaded by some other name).

If you encounter any problem in downloading from the above link please follow the link given below:

http://www.mediafire.com/?g9geachfm2h56l4

4) Download ns226nrl226.patch (after downloading the file change its name to ns226nrl226.patch in case if the file gets downloaded by some other name).

If you encounter any problem in downloading from the above link please follow the link given below:

http://www.mediafire.com/?2qg5kxc95z89qlq

5) Save ns-allinone-2.26.tar.gz and nrlsensorsim-2.26.tgz.gz in any directory (folder) of your file system.

6) Open a new terminal and go to that directory.

7) Give the following command to untar ns-allinone-2.26.tar.gz
tar -xzvf ns-allinone-2.26.tar.gz

and following command to untar nrlsensorsim-2.26.tgz.gz

tar -xzvf nrlsensorsim-2.26.tgz.gz

8) After executing the above command you will find the extracted folders named ns-allinone-2.26 and nrlsensorsim in the same directory.

Put the downloaded ns226nrl226.patch file in the extracted folder named nrlsensorsim.

9) Using a terminal enter in this extracted folder (nrlsensorsim) and give the following command
patch -p1 -t < ns226nrl226.patch

then give the following command

./patch_script.sh

if is asks for any permission, type yes and press enter.

10) Put the downloaded ns226.patch file in the extracted folder named ns-allinone-2.26.

11) Using a terminal enter in this folder (ns-allinone-2.26) and give the following command

patch -p1 -t < ns226.patch

12) After successfully completing the above procedure install ns2.26 by giving the following command (in same extracted folder)

./install

Installation may take several minutes !!!

Regards

ns2.26:installation on Fedora 8

2010-02-05T12:28:00.007+05:30

Due to new versions of gcc, ns2.26 cannot be installed directly on fedora 8.
Minor modifications in the code of ns2.26 are required.
Hence I have designed a patch that incorporates all the modifications required in ns2.26 code to be installed on fedora 8 (or other linux distributions having similar gcc version).

Following are the steps to install ns2.26 on fedora 8 (or other linux distributions having similar gcc version):

1) Download ns-allinone-2.26.tar.gz

2) Download ns226.patch (after downloading the file change its name to ns226.patch in case if the file gets downloaded by some other name).

If you encounter any problem in downloading from the above link please follow the link given below:

http://www.mediafire.com/?g9geachfm2h56l4

3) Save ns-allinone-2.26.tar.gz in any directory (folder) of your file system.

4) Open a new terminal and go to that directory.

5) Give the following command to untar ns-allinone-2.26.tar.gz
tar -xzvf ns-allinone-2.26.tar.gz

6) After executing the above command you will find the extracted folder named ns-allinone-2.26 in the same directory.
Put the downloaded ns226.patch file in this extracted folder.

7) Using a terminal enter in this extracted folder and give the following command
patch -p1 -t < ns226.patch

8) After successfully completing the above procedure install ns2.26 by giving the following command (in same extracted folder)
./install

Installation may take several minutes !!!

Regards

AWK Script for NS2

2009-12-17T10:28:00.011+05:30

AWK is a programming language that is designed for processing text-based data, either in files or data streams, and was created at Bell Labs in the 1970s. The name AWK is derived from the family names of its authors - Alfred Aho, Peter Weinberger and Brian Kernighan.

"AWK is a language for processing files of text. A file is treated as a sequence of records, and by default each line is a record. Each line is broken up into a sequence of fields, so we can think of the first word in a line as the first field, the second word as the second field, and so on. An AWK program is of a sequence of pattern-action statements. AWK reads the input a line at a time. A line is scanned for each pattern in the program, and for each pattern that matches, the associated action is executed." - Alfred V. Aho

- - - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Links to AWK scripts for NS2are given below:

AWK script for throughput –Download! (Click again if it doesnt work first time :) )

AWK script for jitter –Download!

AWK script for pdf (packetdelivery fraction) – Download!

For more AWK Scripts please visit the following page:

http://mohit.ueuo.com/AWK_Scripts.html

or

http://www.esnips.com/web/mohittahiliani-ns2

Regards.

Related Blogs:

1. AWK Script for NS2 supporting New Trace Format

2. Few more AWK Scripts for NS2

TCL Script Generator centered on NSG

2009-10-06T15:03:00.011+05:30

Visual Network Simulator (VNS) is yet another tcl script generator tool like NS2 Scenarios Generator (NSG) to generate TCL Scripts automatically . . . !!! Infact Visual Network Simulator (VNS) is a tool centered on the capabilities on NSG.

Visual Network Simulator (VNS) is created and maintained by Ms. C. Ricardo Placido, University of Madeira.

Visual Network Simulator (VNS) retains all the features of NSG related to Wired Networks. VNS is mainly created to facilitate generation of tcl scripts for networks that provide "Differentiated Services" and hence at present it does not support generation of tcl scripts for Wireless Network simluations.

Some of the main features of Visual Network Simulator (VNS) are as mentioned below:

(1) Generates tcl scripts for wired networks only.

(2) Supports "Differentiated Services" scenarios.

(3) Supports Multicast feature.

(4) Supports execution of tcl scripts directly from tool (provided NS-2 is already installed on the machine).

(5) Provides an option to select Dynamic Routing Protocol.

(6) Supports different types of queues (Drop Tail, RED, SFQ, etc) and different agents (TCP, UDP, variants of TCP, etc).

(7) Provides an option to generate graphical result in Xgraph utility of NS-2 i.e. when we select that option in GUI, the tool includes necessary commands in the generated tcl scripts that will immediately plot a graph when we run that tcl script.

(8) Provides User Friendly GUI by including simple, intuitive and different set of icons to represent various components of a network (e.g.: hosts, routers, etc all are represented using different icons in GUI).

(9) Enables the user to save the simulation scenario for future modifications.

The Snapshots of VNS are as shown below:

<<< Main GUI screen of Visual Network Simulator

<<< Setting the Simulation parameters using GUI

The above shown snapshots are taken from the official website of Visual Network Simluator.

Download VNS for Windows

Download VNS for Linux

Execution of VNS is similar to execution of NSG . . . !!! Just double click on the jar file to launch VNS.

For more information on VNS, please visit the homepage of VNS here.

TCL Script Generator

2009-10-01T18:56:00.007+05:30

NS2 Scenarios Generator (NSG) is a tcl script generator tool to generate TCL Scripts automatically . . . !!!

It is created and maintained by Peng-Jung Wu, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

NSG is a Java based tool that runs on any platform and can generate TCL Scripts for Wired as well as Wireless Scenarios for Network Simulator - 2. The procedure to execute these TCL Scripts on NS-2 is same as those of manually written TCL Scripts.

Some of the main features of NS2 Scenarios Generator (NSG) are as mentioned below:

(1) Creating Wired and Wireless nodes just by drag and drop.
(2) Creating Simplex and Duplex links for Wired network.
(3) Creating Grid, Random and Chain topologies.
(4) Creating TCP and UDP agents. Also supports TCP Tahoe, TCP Reno, TCP New-Reno and TCP Vegas.
(5) Supports Ad Hoc routing protocols such as DSDV, AODV, DSR and TORA.
(6) Supports FTP and CBR applications.
(7) Supports node mobility.
(8) Setting the packet size, start time of simulation, end time of simulation, transmission range and interference range in case of wireless networks, etc.
(9) Setting other network parameters such as bandwidth, etc for wireless scenarios.

The Snapshot of NSG is as shown below:

NSG2.1 Download

To execute NSG you need to install Java 6.0. NSG does not require any installation . . . !!! Just double click on the jar file to launch NSG. If it does not work, please see the instructions provided on the homepage of NSG here.

For more information on NSG and its previous versions, please visit the homepage of NSG here.

For more information on Peng-Jung Wu, please visit the homepage here.

Network Simulator - 2

2009-05-27T06:21:00.022+05:30

The three main techniques to analyze the behavior of wired and wireless networks are: Analytical Modeling, Computer Simulations and Real Time Physical Measurements.

Analytical Modeling is very tedious and Real Time Physical Measurements may not be possible all the time. Computer Simulation is the only feasible approach to the quantitative analysis of networks. Computer Simulations can be Discrete Event Simulations (e.g.: arrival and departure of customers in a bank) or Continuous Simulations (e.g.: waterflow in a mountain). Computer Simulations are generally Discrete Event Simulations.

Network Simulator - 2 (NS-2) is a discrete event and packet level simulator developed at UC Berkeley to analyze the performance of wired and wireless networks. The architecture of NS-2 is composed of five components: Event Scheduler (there are four: List, Heap, Calendar and Real), Network Components (like nodes, links, protocols, etc), Tool command language with Classes (TclCL), Object Oreinted Tcl (OTcl) library and TCL scripting language. NS-2 has C++ as the back-end language and TCL as the front-end language.

For more information on NS - 2 and related references please visit my website: www.mohit.ueuo.com

Spintronics

2009-05-24T16:13:00.000+05:30

Electrons have the basic properties of mass, charge and spin. Until recently most data storage and processgin devices made use of only the charge property of an electron. In Spintronics the aim is to use the spin state as well, which can be "up" or "down". The spin of an electron creates a tiny magnetic field that makes the electron act like a tiny magnet. Just as the positive or negative values of an electrical charge are used to store data as 0s and 1s, the "up" and "down" states of the spin of an electron can be used to store data. Modern electronics is based on the manipulation of electrical charge in semiconductor devices. To increase the processing speed and power it relies on the miniaturization of these devices. Spintronics employs two degrees of freedom - the charge as well as the spin - of conducting electrons to create a new class of electronic devices that will be smaller in size but with a quantum increase in processing speed and functionalities. The first major breakthrough in Spintronics was the discovery of the Giant Magneto Resistance (GMR) effect in 1988 by Albert Fert and Peter Gruenberg. With GMR technology there has been a 10,000 fold increase in the capacity of hard disc drives. Another recent breakthrough product is Magneto Resistive RAM (MRAM), which uses electron spin to store information.

For more information on Spintronics & related references please visit: www.mohit.ueuo.com

The Angel of my Life

2009-05-20T12:25:00.000+05:30

An Angel’s Touch Took me to deepest n sweetest of the sleep
Else its been years i was asleep...
An affectionate smile from the angel made me to smile
Else it was just that i had forgotten to smile...
The angel dropped me into the ocean of spirit
Else i was lost in the jungle of depression...
Wonder!! life would ever be so beautiful???
True!! It’s never I can Touch this angel…
Wish this angel’s touch would last for my lifetime...!!!

- Mumtaz Mohammed Hussain

Thousand Miles

2009-05-12T18:36:00.002+05:30

You had reason to smile and weep
You had friends to play and fight
Father, Mother, Uncle and Aunt
Were besides you to guide
These were the days of Innocence.

A journey of some thousand miles
Your Innocence was left behind
New people and new friends around
Older the friends, happier was the life.

You had to get back, it’s never a lie
Away a thousand miles was tough
Tougher was to get back
You had to leave friends behind
But never from your heart and mind.

- Mumtaz Mohammed Hussain